While many FMS vendors are moving towards hardware-agnostic approaches, new hardware form factors such as OBD dongles, smartphones, tablets, and even smart watches are gaining momentum, competing with legacy black box type systems, connected PNDs, and onboard computers. This is very much linked to both the need for low cost solutions allowing commercial telematics to expand into smaller , non-trucking fleets and the flexibility offered by third party application stores launched by vendors like Geotab. However dedicated, proprietary, ruggedized hardware solutions remain critical for asset tracking and truck OEM systems. Clearly, FMS hardware form factors are not a one-size-fit-all for a market which increasingy diverges into a myriad of segments, geographies, and requirements.