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Electric Vehicle Infrastructures
Charging Stations for Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
Research Report
- Pages
- 108
- Deliverables
-
- Released
- 2Q 2011
- Product Code
- RR-PLUGI-11
- Price
- Login
Plug-in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles are starting to hit the road, and production is anticipated to ramp up substantially over the next several years. But will drivers of these vehicles, which need to be plugged into the electrical power grid to recharge, find themselves running on empty when it comes to finding a robust charging infrastructure?
This study examines the current state of the electric vehicle charging market, segmented into residential, semi-private and public markets, with forecast data on the number of stations installed from 2011 through 2016. The report offers insights into the types of charging stations that will be most prevalent, the countries and regions in which most charging station installations will take place, and even the outlook for charging station components. It also includes discussion and forecasts for automated battery switch stations, which can replace depleted batteries with freshly charged ones in a matter of minutes.
What Questions Does This Report Answer?
- Which geographic regions will see the greatest number of installed charging stations in 2011, and why are these markets ripe for build-out ?
- When will the market see the widespread introduction of Level II and Level III charging infrastructure?
- Which companies are the leading manufacturers of charging infrastructure, and with whom are they partnering to develop commercial infrastructure projects?
- In which regions will residential charging station growth lead the market, and why?
- What are battery exchange stations, and how prevalent will they be by 2016?
- What standards are in place to support the rapid commercial development of charging systems?
- Which class of charging technology will be the most commonly deployed in the US across both residential and commercial segments, and why?
Who Needs This Report?
- Automakers
- Automotive fleet managers
- Car rental companies
- Package delivery companies
- Public utility commissions
- Retailers
- Retail space managers
- Service station operators
- Taxi companies
- Utilities
Table of Contents
-
Executive Brief
- Top Line Forecast
- Drivers
- Inhibitors
- Market Share
- Summary and Strategic Recommendations
Section 1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Primary Market Drivers, Competitive Forces and Market Dynamics
1.2. High Level Technology Overview and Considerations
1.3. Market Outlook and Forecasts
1.4. Electric Vehicles and the Grid/Smart Grid
1.5. Key Takeaways
Section 2.
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW AND CONSIDERATIONS
2.1. Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Overview
2.2. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs or PEVs)
2.3. Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
2.4. New Entrants in 2011
2.5. Adoption Inhibitors and Motivators
2.6. Power Consumption Requirements
2.7. Assumptions. 12
2.8. Vehicle Battery Technologies
2.9. Li-ion and Other Battery Technologies
2.10. Lithium-Air Batteries and the Battery 500 Project
2.11. Plug-in Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
2.12. Charging Technology
2.13. Level I Charging Specifications
2.14. Level II Charging Specifications
2.15. Level III Charging Specifications
2.16. Coupling Options
2.17. Conductive Coupling
2.18. United States (SAE J1772 Standard)
2.19. Europe (IEC 62196 and IEC 60309)
2.20. Inductive Coupling
2.21. Mounting Technology
2.22. Bollard Mount
2.23. Pole Mount
2.24. Wall Mount
2.25. Charging Station Accessibility and Usage Management
2.26. Authentication and Payment Technology
2.27. Billing Models
2.28. Subscription Model
2.29. Home Charging
2.30. Pay-Per-Use Model
2.31. Prepaid Model
2.32. Grid Management Technology
2.33. Energy Management Technology
2.34. Security Technology
2.35. Maintenance Issues
2.36. Charging Station Components
2.37. Battery Exchange Technology
2.38. Battery Exchange Process
2.39. Battery Storage and Recharge Process
2.40. Maintenance Issues
2.41. Payment and Authentication Technology
2.42. The Role of ICT (Information and Communications Technology)
Section 3.
PLUG-IN CHARGER MARKET SEGMENTATION
3.1. Residential Charging
3.2. Public Lots
3.3. Corporations
3.4. Transit Centers
3.5. Gas Stations/Recharge Centers
3.6. Shopping Malls
3.7. Other Retail Locations
3.8. Hotels and Motels
3.9. Standalone Battery Exchange Centers
3.10. Campgrounds
3.11. Other
Section 4.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
4.1. Asia-Pacific
4.2. Australia
4.3. China
4.4. Europe
4.5. Belgium
4.6. Netherlands
4.7. Denmark
4.8. France
4.9. Ireland
4.10. United Kingdom
4.11. Middle East/Africa
4.12. Israel
4.13. North America
4.14. Canada
4.15. United States
4.16. Project Get Ready
4.17. ChargePoint America
4.18. Hawaii
4.19. Texas
4.20. California
4.21. Illinois
4.22. New York
4.23. Tennessee
Section 5.
REGULATORY ISSUES
5.1. Low/Zero Emissions and Fuel Economy Standards
5.2. Legal Provisions Pertaining to the Resale of Electricity
5.3. US Government Incentives and Credits
5.4. International Tax Incentives and Credits
5.5. United Kingdom
5.6. Denmark
5.7. Israel
5.8. China
5.9. Canada
Section 6.
TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS
6.1. US-Based Standards Activities
6.2. International Standards Landscape
6.3. Europe
6.4. Other Global Requirements
6.5. Code, Conformance, and Training Issues
6.6. Conclusions
Section 7.
MARKET BARRIERS TO COMMERCIALIZATION
7.1. Reliance on Adoption for Infrastructure Deployments
7.2. Network Deployment Costs and Funding Issues
7.3. Cost Recovery and ROI Issues
7.4. Maintenance and Security Costs
7.5. Battery Technology and Cost Issues
Section 8.
REVENUE MODELS AND INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODELS
8.1. Revenue Models
8.2. Host Model
8.3. Operator Model
8.4. Subscription Model
8.5. Revenue Model Conclusions
8.6. Innovative Business Models
8.7. Selling EVs like Consumer Electronics
8.8. Mobile Phone as Car Assistant
8.9. Driving Subscription Plans
8.10. Repurposing Electric Car Batteries for Grid Storage
8.11. Car Sharing
Section 9.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND THE SMART GRID
9.1. Smart Grid Overview (What is the Smart Grid?)
9.2. What does the Smart Grid Deliver?
9.3. Benefits of the Smart Grid
9.4. What is V2G?
9.5. How does V2G Work?
9.6. Benefits of V2G
9.7. Potential Drawbacks of V2G
9.8. Government Legislation
9.9. Delaware
9.10. California
9.11. Current V2G Projects
9.12. University of Delaware
9.13. University of Warwick, United Kingdom
9.14. University of Michigan
9.15. Electric Power Research Institute
9.16. The IEEE-SA and the SAE
9.17. NREL
9.18. The Electrification Coalition
9.19. Austin Energy
9.20. Advanced Energy/Duke Energy/Progress Energy
9.21. PG&E
9.22. SCE
9.23. Xcel Energy
9.24. Other - Denmark and Germany
9.25. Smart Grid and V2G Short- and Long-Term Viability
9.26. Key Drivers of V2G Adoption
9.27. Key Constraints to V2G Adoption
9.28. Impact of EVs/PHEVs and V2G on the Smart Grid
Section 10.
MARKET OUTLOOK AND FORECASTS
10.1. Forecast Methodology
10.2. Primary and Secondary Sources of Information
10.3. Other Data Sets Used in Preparing this Report
10.4. Forecast Segmentation
10.5. Step-by-Step Process Used to Develop the Forecasts
10.6. Forecast Assumptions
10.7. Gasoline Prices Rise Steadily without Spiking Significantly
10.8. Governments Continue to Provide Incentives
10.9. CAF?? Standards in Effect for the 2016 Model Year
10.10. Market Forecasts
10.11. Charging Station Installations
10.12. Charging Station Revenue
10.13. Charging Stations by Location Type
10.14. Battery Switch Stations by Country
10.15. Cable Assembly Unit Shipments
10.16. Cable Assembly Revenue
10.17. Charging Station Card Processor Unit Shipments
10.18. Full Display Unit Shipments
10.19. Communications Transmitter Unit Shipments
10.20. Calculation of Average Daily Charging Station Usage
10.21. Charging Station Utilization, Private Vehicles vs. Fleets
10.22. Average Daily Battery Switch Station Usage
10.23. Battery Switch Station Utilization, Private Vehicle vs. Fleet
Section 11.
KEY INDUSTRY PLAYERS
11.1. Charging Station Manufacturers/Network Builders and Partnerships
11.2. AeroVironment Inc
11.3. Better Place
11.4. Coulomb Technologies
11.5. ECOtality Inc
11.6. Epyon BV
11.7. Evatran LLC/Plugless Power
11.8. EV-Charge America
11.9. GE
11.10. Charging Station Distributors
11.11. Car Charging Inc
11.12. Elektromotive Ltd
11.13. NovaCharge LLC
11.14. VINCI Energies
11.15. Electric Car/Charging Technology Developers
11.16. A123 Systems Inc
11.17. BMW
11.18. Chevrolet (General Motors)
11.19. CODA Automotive Inc
11.20. Fisker Automotive
11.21. Ford Motor Company
11.22. Mercedes Benz
11.23. Mitsubishi Motors
11.24. Renault-Nissan
11.25. Tesla Motors Inc
11.26. Toyota Motor Corp
11.27. Other Technology/Smart Energy Solutions Providers
11.28. Cisco
11.29. Eaton
11.30. IBM
11.31. Oracle
11.32. Schneider Electric
11.33. Siemens
Section 12.
COMPANY DIRECTORY
Section 13.
ACRONYMS
Section 14.
LINKS TO RELATED RESEARCH
14.1. Scope of Study
14.2. Sources and Methodology
14.3. Notes
18 Tables
9 Charts
- Charging Infrastructure Deployments by Type, World Market, Forecast: 2011 to 2016
- Charging Station Deployments, World Market, Forecast: 2011 to 2016
- Charging Infrastructure Cost Comparison
- Charging Infrastructure Deployments by Type
- Charging Station Deployments
- Charging Station Revenue
- Charging Station Revenue
- Charging Station Sales
- Level III Charging Station vs. Battery Switch Station Utilization